Shame after sexual violence can lead to isolation

After sexual violence, many people struggle not only with memories and inner tension but also with deep shame. A study of more than 3,400 Arabic-speaking women who were seeking support online looked at how trauma symptoms, shame, guilt and support from other people are connected.

Women with more severe symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder felt less supported by the people around them. Part of this link could be explained by shame: people who feel deeply ashamed are more likely to expect rejection or blame and to withdraw. Shame here means the feeling of being wrong as a whole person, while guilt tends to relate to a particular action.

The measured effect was small, and living conditions, migration and cultural expectations also play a role. Because all information was collected at a single point in time, it remains open what is cause and what is consequence.

For therapy this means that shame deserves attention, carefully and without judgement. It can help to look together at which reactions from others one fears and which relationships feel safe.